Cyfres o glipiau digidol yn pwysleisio’r manteision o astudio a gweithio trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg ym myd Busnes.

Bwriad y ddau becyn yma yw rhoi cymorth i athrawon i gyflwyno’r elfen Cymru, Ewrop a’r Byd o Fagloriaeth Cymru. Trefnwyd y pecynau o gwmpas themâu gwahanol, a phob un yn edrych ar le Cymru yn Ewrop ac yn y byd mewn modd bywiog a chyffrous.

The paper reports on three epochs of bridge building in Wales. The first period, from Roman times to the start of the Industrial Revolution, was dominated by the use of local materials (stone and timber) by local craftsmen. The second period was an integral part of the Industrial Revolution when new bridge building materials (cast iron, wrought iron and steel) were developed and used in the construction of canal and railway bridges. The third period was associated with the growth of traffic following World War II when concrete and steel became the dominant bridge building materials during the development of the trunk roads and motorways. The paper shows, in simple terms, the fundamental structural engineering developments underpinning these developments as new materials became available for bridge building. In particular, the evolvement of various beam cross-sections, tubes and trusses is discussed. Attention is also given to the significant contribution of four world-renowned bridge builders: William Edwards who built the famous arch bridge at Pontypridd; Thomas Telford who built the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and the Menai Suspension Bridge; Robert Stephenson who built tubular bridges at Conway and over the Menai Straits and I. K. Brunel who built the unique Chepstow Railway Bridge and the railway timber viaduct at Landore, Swansea. Finally, the paper draws attention to some of the unique bridges of Wales.

Translation into Welsh has now grown into an important industry, and a number of researchers have linked translation to wider efforts in the field of language planning. This article therefore, keeping in mind the importance of translation to language planning in Wales, intends to investigate the effect that Translation Memories have on particular aspects of the process of translating into Welsh, asking whether there is a place for this technology in a professional context. What contribution can this technology make, then, to translation and language planning in Wales?

Bilingual education (i.e. Welsh and English) occurs widely in Wales. By now, considerable variation exists in the provision of bilingual education and, as in the case of minority languages in other European regions, bilingual education in Wales is a combination of education in language heritage/ maintenance (1st Language Welsh) and immersion education (2nd Language Welsh). Because the bilingual education throughout Wales is characterised by “kaleidoscopic variation” (Baker 1993:15), teachers use a wide variety of teaching methods and bilingual teaching. Following interviews / observations at bilingual secondary and primary schools throughout Wales during 2007-2009, this paper will explain the aims and methodology of the research project in question, before moving on to discuss some initial findings. Specific reference is made to purposeful concurrent use of language, as teachers use both languages concurrently during the lesson. The conclusion is reached that further research is necessary into the 'kaleidoscopic variation' of bilingual educational practice in schools in Wales, as well as the analysis and evaluation of the bilingual teaching modules which were observed.

In this article we argue that the current laws of the scrum in Rugby Union inevitably lead to unfairness. The scrum is so biomechanically complex that it is impossible for a referee to reliably determine who deserves punishment when the scrum collapses. Consequently, undeserved penalties are inevitable. Furthermore, the players who are penalised may not be causally or morally responsible for the offence. Under certain pressures, they have no choice but to collapse. Resolving the issue is not an easy matter. There is an inevitable trade-off to be negotiated between fairness on the one hand and tradition, excitement and entertainment on the other.

This article examines the story of a former professional footballer in recovery from alcoholism in order to improve our understanding of the nature of addiction and its manifestation in his life in general and his career in particular. Flanagan’s (2011) account of the phenomenology of addiction is used to interpret the feelings and emotions underlying and contributing to the chaos and confusion which characterise the former player’s account of his life.

It is argued that John Duns Scotus’s treatment of concrete moral topics such as slavery, inheritance and marriage exhibits characteristics of medieval Welsh laws. This is explicable by the latter’s closeness to the ancient Brythonic laws of Scotland. Their commonalities explain John Duns Scotus’s attitude to these topics and the use he makes of natural law theory alongside the Book of Genesis to defend his viewpoints. The inference is made that his aim was to develop a critical account of the natural law which could defend the ideal of the ancient Brythonic laws of Scotland against Anglo-Norman hostility.

Over the last quarter century, housing has become increasingly unaffordable for thevast majority of people. This article seeks to address what has caused this situation, and what its effects are on the individual and on the community. It will also consider how unaffordable housing and the lack of housing opportunities for local people affects the Welsh language. The article will then consider the mechanisms that have been adopted both by the National Assembly for Wales and by the Whitehall Government to resolve the inter-related problems of unaffordable housing and local people being unable to afford to buy houses in their local area, and the extent to which these solutions provide answers to this dilemma that are sustainable in the long term. To conclude, suggestions of how to improve the existing frameworks will be proposed, along with more radical approaches to ensure that housing does not become a luxury commodity.

Using the contemporary status of the Welsh language in post-16 education and the administration of justice as models, the aim of this article is to identify a paradigm of minority language non-use that arises despite the formal provision of bilingual services and resources. Thereafter, weaknesses in this paradigm will be explored in order to evaluate how existing legislation and policies may be employed in a manner that facilitates a change in linguistic behaviour from that which normalises minority language non-use to one that maximises the opportunities for meaningful linguistic choices.

Gwaith ymchwil gan Dr Edward Jones o Ysgol Busnes Bangor sy'n dangos nad oes gwahaniaeth arwyddocaol rhwng y gyfran o gau canghennau banc yng Nghymru a Lloegr ar gyfartaledd. Cyllidwyd yr ymchwil drwy Gronfa Grantiau Bach y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlethol. Crëwyd set ddata unigryw ar gyfer y prosiect sydd yn cynnwys lleoliad canghennau pob un o'r pedwar banc mwyaf ym Mhrydain yn 1999 a 2016. Mae'r wybodaeth yn caniatáu i'r prosiect wneud cymariaethau rhwng niferoedd y canghennau banc a gaewyd yng Nghymru â gweddill y DU, rhwng ardaloedd gwledig a threfol, a rhwng ardaloedd cyfoethog a thlawd. Mae'r canlyniadau'n cefnogi'r farn fod cau canghennau wedi digwydd yn bennaf mewn ardaloedd trefol llai cefnog. Mae lleoliadau gwledig mwy cyfoethog ar y cyfan wedi profi cyfraddau cau is na'r cyfartaledd.

Nod y gyfrol hon yw cyflwyno rhai pynciau perthnasol mewn cyd-destun Cymraeg a Chymreig i fyfyrwyr sydd yn astudio Graddau Sylfaen yn y maes addysg a gofal. Nid canllaw arfer dda a geir yma ond yn hytrach fraslun o bolisïau, athroniaeth ac ymarfer cyfredol. Caiff pynciau penodol eu trafod ym mhob pennod ac mae’r rhain yn amrywio o ddatblygiad, hawliau, lles a diogelu plant i gynhwysiant, Anghenion Dysgu Ychwanegol, a chwarae a chreadigrwydd.