This article compares the renowned letters of Kate Roberts and Saunders Lewis with the correspondence of two leading nineteenth-century French authors, Gustave Flaubert and George Sand, considering the value and purpose of letters between authors. In addition to widening our understanding of Roberts and Lewis’s works, the article also places the Sand-Flaubert correspondence in a new context, and considers the development of authorial correspondence over the decades. It draws original conclusions by revealing that literary letters continue to play a key role for writers in the twentieth century: offering encouragement and advice, a means of escape from current circumstances, and an important tool in the struggle against the emptiness of modern society.

Y sgriptwyr proffesiynol, Roger Williams a Kirsty Jones, sydd wedi cyfrannu i gyfresi teledu megis Caerdydd, Gwaith Cartref, Zanzibar, Rownd a Rownd yn ogystal â'r operâu sebon Eastenders, Pobol y Cwm a Hollyoaks, yn rhoi cyflwyniad anffurfiol i'r broses o lunio sgript ar gyfer y teledu fel cyfrwng gan gyfeirio'n uniongyrchol at enghreifftiau o'i waith. 23 a 30 Hydref 2012, Prifysgol Bangor.

Interview with Alan Llwyd about the film ‘Hedd Wyn’ and the art of scripting for the screen. There is a Question and Answer section at the end. The session was recorded in the School of Creative Arts and Media in Bangor University, in March 2012.

Mae'r clipiau yma yn olrhain hanes cynhadledd achos er mwyn gwarchod plant. Mae’r clipiau yn cynnig enghraifft i fyfyrwyr o’r modd y cynhelir Cynhadledd Achos. Yn yr achos hwn, trafodir dau blentyn ifanc o’r enw Siân a Dylan. Mae Siân yn bump oed, a Dylan yn fabi deunaw mis oed. Pwrpas cynnal y Gynhadledd Achos yw i benderfynu a ddylai’r plant barhau ar y gofrestr amddiffyn plant ai peidio. Mae'r fideo wedi ei rannu mewn i 8 rhan. Dychmygol yw’r cymeriadau yn yr adnodd hwn, ond mae’r math yma o sefyllfa yn gyffredin iawn o fewn cyd-destun y Gynhadledd Achos.

In an area of Wales where 50% of the population is bilingual one community physical rehabilitation service had no Welsh-speaking therapists. An internationally standardised outcome measure was used to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation in this area. This revealed that Welsh speaking patients had significantly poorer results from rehabilitation than non-Welsh speakers (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference where the therapists were bilingual. The results suggest that therapists’ ability to speak patients’ first language impacts on therapy effectiveness. The percentage of individuals who could speak Welsh referred (by health or social care professionals) was compared with the percentage of Welsh speakers which would have been anticipated given the percentage in the general population. Significantly fewer Welsh speakers were referred to the rehabilitation service than the anticipated percentage (p<0.001). Whilst this suggests professionals’ inability to speak Welsh may impact negatively on access to services for Welsh speakers, there may be other multifactorial psycho-social reasons to consider.

Since the Nineteenth Century, choral singing has played a prominent part in Welsh culture and society. In the latter part of the Twentieth Century, there were increasing demands to consider the influences of quality of life and well-being on health. As a result, there is a growing field of research that considers the role of the community arts, and choral singing in particular, as social capital, and the way in which they can influence personal and social health and well-being. Due to this growing recognition, this article will consider research that examines the relationship between amateur choir-singing in Wales – as both a musical and social event – and general health and well-being.

The knowledge we have about the sun’s corona is based on observations made from afar. It is impossible, therefore, to speculate about the three-dimensional structure of the corona directly. This article outlines the history of the study of the structure of the corona, and describes new techniques which for the first time enable us to know the structure of the corona in detail. A description is given of the change in the structure over the life cycle of the sun, together with new information about the connection between the magnetic field and coronal density and new results concerning the rotation rates of the corona. The results show that knowledge about the corona can be greatly increased by applying new tomography techniques, enabling and stimulating further studies of the corona in years to come.

Darlith gan Alan Llwyd ar Kate, ei gofiant i Kate Roberts. Recordiwyd y ddarlith yn Ysgol y Gymraeg, Prifysgol Bangor, ym mis Mawrth 2012. Cyllidwyd y digwyddiad drwy gyfrwng grant bach gan y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol.

The literature contains many studies on code-switching. The socio-cultural method of studying networking in the classroom as described by Mercer (2000) is based on a detailed analysis of the discourse of language classes. Mercer noted a number of linguistic techniques used by teachers. This article analyses the views of trainee-teachers on code-switching as a practice in the classroom. In the study, the class practice of two trainee teachers, bilingual in Welsh and English, was examined. The two were observed and their teaching recorded. Interviews were also held with the trainee teachers to ask them about their attitudes to the use of the first language in a secondary-school class where English is a second language. The collected data is analysed using Critical Discourse analysis methods. Specific consideration is given to what extent the trainee teachers succeeded in teaching in a way that was within the attainment of the bilingual pupils under their care. The occasions when the teachers switched from English to Welsh for a minute could be seen to correspond to the code-switching functions noted by Camilleri. The code-switching suggests a legitimate way of using common linguistic resources as a teaching support in the classroom.

701 pieces of litter were collected per kilometre from a small rural road in Gwynedd. The minimum annual ‘hidden’ cost of this litter – uncollected by the local authority – was £11.81 per kilometre. The comparable annual cost of such litter on small rural roads throughout Wales is £230,000. A substantial proportion of these costs could be eliminated through introducing a deposit system for cans and bottles. 13 specific companies were responsible for producing more than one quarter of all the litter collected. The Welsh Government could arrange an annual mitigation payment of £58,000 from them in order to defray the hidden costs of litter associated with their activities.

The Great War was one of the most important events in Welsh history, the ramifications of which have seriously affected the society and culture of the country for decades. However, the history of the years of fighting has often been presented to a Welsh-speaking audience in an oversimplified way, emphasising the horrors of the War without considering the context. This study briefly traces how the way the War has been presented in Welsh-language programmes over the decades, before considering in detail some of the problems arising from that presentation of the slaughter.

This article reports on the findings of initial work undertaken to assess the contribution of service users / carers to social work education at a higher education institution in Wales and also critically discusses the contribution of service users / carers to social work education. The role of service users / carers in this context continues to be unclear. We suggest that this is reflected in the comments of service users / carers, who often talk about the value of their contribution to social work education in terms of personal benefits - often therapeutic – which they experience from taking part. Social work students are enthusiastic about the contribution of service users / carers to their education, and believe it is useful, but they have varying ideas on how and what the contribution of service users / carers could and should be.